Aim: To Take Fingerprints using rolling method
Requirements: Fingerprint Collection Card, Fingerprint Ink Tube, Slab/Glass Slab, Roller, Magnifying Glass.
Theory:
A fingerprint is a unique and permanent pattern of ridges and furrows on the skin of the fingers and thumbs of humans and certain primates. It is used as a means of identification due to its distinctiveness and stability over time. Fingerprint patterns are formed during fetal development and remain consistent throughout a person's life unless they experience severe scarring or damage to the skin.
There are three main types of fingerprint patterns:
1. Loop: This is the most common type of fingerprint pattern, accounting for around 60-65% of all fingerprints. It features ridges that enter from one side of the print, form a loop-like curve, and exit from the same side they entered. Loops can be further divided into radial loops (sloping towards the thumb) and ulnar loops (sloping towards the little finger).
2. Whorl: Whorls make up about 30-35% of all fingerprints. They have ridges that form circular or spiral patterns, with at least one ridge that makes a complete circuit. Whorls can be further categorized as plain whorls, central pocket whorls, double loop whorls, and accidental whorls.
3. Arch: Arch patterns are the least common, comprising only about 5% of all fingerprints. They have ridges that flow from one side to the other, without forming a loop or a whorl. Arch patterns can be further divided into plain arches and tented arches.
Fingerprint impressions are created when the ridges of the skin come into contact with a surface, leaving behind a unique pattern that can be visually observed or captured using various methods. Fingerprint impressions can be collected in several ways:
1. Latent Prints: These are unintentional impressions left on surfaces by the natural oils and sweat present on the ridges of fingers. Latent prints are typically invisible to the naked eye and require techniques like dusting, chemical treatment, or photography with specialized lighting to make them visible.
2. Visible Prints: These are impressions made by fingers that are coated with substances like blood, ink, or paint, which leave a clear mark on the surface. Visible prints are easily visible and can be photographed or lifted using adhesive materials.
3. Plastic Prints: These occur when the fingers touch a soft material like clay, wax, or soap, leaving behind a three-dimensional impression.
4. Rolled Impressions: These are created by rolling each finger individually onto an ink pad and then onto a paper or card to create a complete set of fingerprints. Rolled impressions are often used for official identification purposes.
Fingerprint analysis and comparison have been widely used in forensic science, law enforcement, and personal identification due to the uniqueness and consistency of fingerprint patterns across individuals.
Procedure:
1. Glass Slab is Cleaned using wipes or wet cloths/napkins
2. Ink tube is taken and little amount of ink is put on the slab
3. Using the Roller, ink on the slab is spread uniformly
4. Fingerprint Card is taken
5. Finger (till distal interphalangeal) is inked by rolling on the slab from Left to Right or Anterior to Posterior direction.
6. The inked Finger is then rolled on the Fingerprint Collection Card from Left to Right or Anterior to Posterior direction to record the Print
7. The same Procedure is followed for all Ten Fingers
Result:
Fingerprints of all ten digits are Collected using Rolling Method
Precautions:
1. Always put little amount of ink on Slab
2. Do not press fingers forcefully on slab or Paper
3. Avoid smudging of fingerprints
4. Make sure to Clean fingers before taking prints
Fingerprint Collection Slip
